I am suspicious of the framing of the question, which doesn't make clear which of several things it is talking about. Here's Jacob Steinhardt's post "Beyond Bayesians and Frequentists," on some of the options.
In the notation of that post, I'd say I am interested mostly in the argument over "Whether a Bayesian or frequentist algorithm is better suited to solving a particular problem", generalized over a wide range of problems. And the sort of frequentism I have in mind seems to be "frequentist guarantee" - the process of taking data and making inferences from it on some quantity of interest, and the importance to be given to guarantees on the process.
Question in title.
This is obviously subjective, but I figure there ought to be some "go-to" paper. Maybe I've even seen it once, but can't find it now and I don't know if there's anything better.
Links to multiple papers with different focus would be welcome. For my current purpose I have a preference for one that aims low and isn't too long.