TheOtherDave comments on Pinpointing Utility - Less Wrong
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I's not clear that the two can be reconciled. It's also not clear that the two can't be reconciled.
Suppose for simplicity there are just hedons and dolors into which every utilitarian reaction can be resolved and which are independent. Then every event occupies a point in a plane. Now, ordering real numbers (hedons with no dolorific part or dolors with no hedonic part) is easy and more or less unambiguous. However, it's not immediately obvious whether there's a useful way to specify an order over all events. A zero hedon, one dolor event clearly precedes a one hedon, zero dolor event in the suck--->win ordering. But what about a one hedon, one dolor event vs. a zero hedon, zero dolor event?
It might seem like that we can simply take the signed difference of the parts (so in that last example, 1-1=0-0 so the events are 'equal'), but the stipulation of independence seems like it forbids such arithmetic (like subtracting apples from oranges).
Orders on the complex numbers that have been used for varying applications (assuming this has been done) might shed some light on the matter.
Clearly a CEV over all complex (i.e. consisting of exactly a possibly-zero hedonic part and possibly-zero dolorific part) utilities would afford comparison between any two events, but this doesn't seem to help much at this point.
Beyond knowledge of the physical basis of pleasure and pain, brain scans of humans experiencing masochistic pleasure might be a particularly efficient insight generator here. Even if, say, pure pleasure and pure pain appear very differently on an MRI, it might be possible to reduce them to a common unit of utilitarian experience that affords direct comparison. On the other hand, we might have to conclude that there are actually millions of incommensurable 'axes' of utilitarian experience.
Yeah, I guess I more or less take this for granted. Or, rather, not that they're incommensurable, exactly, but that the range of correspondences -- how many Xs are worth a Y -- is simply an artifact of what set of weighting factors was most effective, among those tested, in encouraging our ancestors to breed, which from our current perspective is just an arbitrary set of historical factors.