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timtyler comments on Dissenting Views - Less Wrong
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reason is fairly reasonable.
Deduction, induction and Occam's razor.
Processing your sensory inputs to derive an accurate model of the world without actually performing any actions (besides what is necessary to output your results).
Reason can be considered to be one part of rationality.
isn't that epistemic rationality? I.e arriving at the correct answer?
No. Epistemic rationality is a type of instrumental rationality which primarily values truth-seeking. To find the truth, you sometimes have to take actions and perform experiments. Reason is more basic, more fundamental.
so you mean the tools by which we arrive at the correct answer?
Only if those "tools" don't involve doing things. Once you start performing experiments and taking steps to gather more data, then you have gone beyond using reason.
If you like, you can imagine a test of reason to match the circumstances of a typical exam - where many ways of obtaining the correct answer are forbidden.