Hm. This is also, kind of, a question about polygamy - maybe we could find the data that way. But then, isn't the monogamy vs polygamy debate still quite unsettled? If we just look at current societies, then according to wikipedia polygyny isn't near common enough to produce a 2:1 ratio. Or for example in the hunter-gatherer Maori tribes, the chiefs sometimes took two wives (one chief even had three), so logically another man didn't reproduce, but that's not even close to being 80% of women having kids with 40% of men.
If we just look at current societies, then according to wikipedia polygyny isn't near common enough to produce a 2:1 ratio.
I don't think current societies are a representative sample. To take one important difference, traditional warfare typically resulted in the victors killing of the men and taking the women as concubines/extra wives.
There's an idea I've seen a number of times that 80% of women have had descendants, but only 40% of men. A little research tracked it back to this, but the speech doesn't have a cite and I haven't found a source.
The reproduction rates for men and women (possibly for the whole history of the species) seems like the sort of thing which could be found out, but I'd like more solid information.