Via the blog of Matt Might, Productivity tips, tricks and hacks for academics. The table of contents for his advice is:

• Optimize transaction costs.
• Don't work from home.
• Eliminate temptation to waste time.
• Salvage dead time with technology.
• Get rid of your TV.
• Consolidate email accounts.
• Work from a laptop.
• Use a calendar system.
• Power-use a smartphone.
• Turn off instant messaging.
• Minimize collaboration costs.
• Use a citation/paper-management system.
• Procrastinate productively.
• Iterate toward perfection.

I found most of this helpful for my current experiment in autodidacticism, but you could probably also get good results using it exactly as intended in academia.