I was thinking more in terms of human development. Nations with large populations and high HDI are important because they support a very large number of people with a very high standard of life.
China has a HDI-rank of 101. Japan has a HDI-rank of 10.
Yeah, that and China's low per-capita everything. I also doubt China has a bigger service sector than its industry and farming.
I was correcting my erroneous assumption based on other correlates of developed nations (space missions, nuclear power, high-tech, lots of science, etc.).
There's a lot of background mess in our mental pictures of the world. We try and be accurate on important issues, but a whole lot of the less important stuff we pick up from the media, the movies, and random impressions. And once these impressions are in our mental pictures, they just don't go away - until we find a fact that causes us to say "huh", and reassess.
Here are three facts that have caused that "huh" in me, recently, and completely rearranged minor parts of my mental map. I'm sharing them here, because that experience is a valuable one.