SaidAchmiz comments on The flawed Turing test: language, understanding, and partial p-zombies - Less Wrong
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I take your point, but Turing's paper wasn't simply an exercise in applied sociology. And the Turing test does help detect thinking, without having to define it: just consider applying it to a whole brain emulation. The Turing test and the definition of thinking are related; Truing was being disingenuous if he was pretending otherwise. He was actually proposing a definition of thinking, and stating that it would become the universally accepted one, the one that would be the "correct" simplification of the currently muddle concept.
Oh, and on the subject of whole brain emulations: Greg Egan's recent novel Zendegi (despite being, imo, rather poor overall), does make a somewhat convincing case that an emulation of a person's brain/consciousness/personality might pass something like a Turing test and still not possess subjective consciousness or true general intelligence on a human level.
When this topic comes up I'm always reminded of a bit in John Varley's Golden Globe, where our hero asks an advanced AI whether it's actually conscious, and it replies "I've thought about that question a lot and have concluded that I'm probably not."