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gwern comments on The failure of counter-arguments argument - Less Wrong
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The backfire effect, as far as I know, has never been replicated and bears all the hallmarks of being your classic counterintuitive psych finding which will disappear the moment anyone looks too hard at it. I've been trying to discourage people from citing it...
Nononono, don't do that! It'll just make them believe it more strongly.
(The nice thing is that actually your attempts at discouragement will, roughly speaking, work if and only if the discouragement is correct!)
Or maybe the evidence for the effect is so strong that you refuse to believe it. :)
I feel obligated to point out that the backfire effect, even in the original paper, applied only to a few zealots, and not everyone and not relatively moderate subjects. So your obvious joke is not itself consistent with the paper.
What other (popular) psychology findings do you think won't hold up?
Stereotype threat looks extremely questionable to me, and dual n-back is more or less finished as far as I'm concerned. Those are the only two famous findings which I can think of off-hand; did you have any specific ones in mind?