You're right it might have been good to answer these in the core essay.

Present Triviality. Becoming a vegetarian is at least a minor inconvenience...

I disagree that being a vegetarian is an inconvenience. I haven't found my social activities restricted in any non-trivial way and being healthy has been just as easy/hard as when eating meat. It does not drain my attention from other EA activities.

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Future Triviality. [...] we should invest everything we have into making it as likely as possible that humans and non-humans will thrive in the distant future

I agree with this in principle, but again don't think vegetarianism is a stop from that. Certainly removing factory farming is a small win compared to successful star colonization, but I don't think there's much we can do now to ensure successful colonization, while there is stuff we can do now to ensure factory farming elimination.

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Experiential Suffering Needn't Correlate With Damage-Avoiding or Damage-Signaling Behavior.

It need not, which is what makes consciousness thorny. I don't think there is a tidy resolution to this problem. We'll have to take our best guess, and that involves thinking nonhuman animals suffer. We'd probably even want to err on the safe side, which would increase our consideration toward nonhuman animals. It would also be consistent with an Ocham's razor approach.

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Something About Sapience Is What Makes Suffering Bad.

This doesn't feature among my ethical framework, at least. I don't know how this intuitively works for other people. I also don't think there's much I can say about it.

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Aren't You Just Anthropomorphizing Non-Humans? [...] But this isn't evidence that the thing empathized with is actually conscious.

It's not. But there's other considerations and lines of evidence, so my worry that we're just anthropomorphizing is present, but rather low.