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Vladimir_Nesov comments on Notes on logical priors from the MIRI workshop - Less Wrong
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I asked about these differences in my second post in this post tree, where I explained how I understood these counterfactuals to work. I explained as clearly as I could that, for example, calculators should work as they do in real world. I did this explaining in hopes of someone voicing disagreement if I had misunderstood how these logical counterfactuals work.
However, modifying any calculator would mean that there can not be, in principle, any "smart" enough ai or agent that could detect it was in counterfactual. Our mental hardware that checks if logical coin should've been heads or tails is a calculator the same as any computer, and again, there does not seem to be any reason to assume Omega leaves some calculators unchanged while changes results of others.
Unless, this thing is just assumed to happen, with some silently assumed cutaway point where calculators become so internal they are left unmodified.
Calculators are not modified, they are just interpreted differently, so that when trying to answer the question of what happens in a certain situation (containing certain calculators etc.) we get different answers depending on what the assumptions are. The situation is the same, but the (simplifying) assumptions about it are different, and so simplified inferences about it are different as well. In some cases simplification is unavoidable, so that dependence of conclusions on assumptions becomes an essential feature.