I wouldn't short a stock unless I was very confident it would go down, because if I'm wrong there is no theoretical limit on my losses, unlike being wrong about a long position.
Notice that the thing you need to be very confident about is that it will not go up dramatically. Having a high probability of staying stable or only raising by a small amount isn't a problem.
Assume at some point you have reason to believe that you have information that the market does not and which creates a moderately small possibility of a stock dropping value dramatically. Also assume that you have a limited tolerance for risk. ie. You're willing to invest $10k based on the expected value calculation but would accept no chance of losing more than that. In that case you can short sell the stock and also buy call options at a higher valuation (or just use a 'stop order'). That way you gain when the price drops and lose when the price rises but the losses are limited to a predetermined maximum. You can then crudely visualise the payoffs as just similar to betting on a horse you think will win. You will probably lose a small predetermined amount but if the horse wins you win a lot.
Update: Thanks everyone for the continuing thought-provoking discussion. I intend to post my decision spreadsheet, and still am looking for suggestions on where to do so. It might come in handy come February. A discussion that I find interesting has branched off on the topic of technological progress versus Malthusian Crunch, and I started a new article on that over here.
I would like to kick off a discussion about optimal strategies to prepare for the event that the US government fails to raise the debt ceiling before the US Treasury Department's "extraordinary measures" are exhausted, which is estimated to happen sometime between October 17th and mid-November.
This is a risk *caused* by politics, but my goal is to talk about bracing against the event itself if it happens, not the underlying politics. If you want to debate Obama-care, who is at fault, or how likely a US default actually is, please start a separate discussion.
I consider this to be an indirect existential risk because if it kicks off a national or global recession, it will likely slow or halt research and philanthropic efforts at mitigating longer-term existential risks.
Since there are obvious associations between unemployment/poverty and crime, civil unrest, and poor health, a global recession is likely to be to some extent a personal existential risk to those living in the United States or countries that have trade links with the United States.
I notice that the markets do not seem to be anticipating a bad outcome. But I heard one analyst advance the theory that investors simply don't believe the government can (his words) "be that stupid". I imagine there is more than a touch of availability bias as well-- breaching the debt ceiling might, even for fund managers who harbor no illusions about the wisdom of politicians, be up there with science-fictional scenarios like asteroid impact, peak oil, grey goo, global warming, and
terrorist attacks. Moreover, there may be a dangerous feedback loop as the politicians in turn watch the stock indexes and conclude that "the market says there is nothing to worry about".So, I would like to hear what folks who are making contingency plans are doing. Especially people who have training or experience in economics and finance. What do you think the closest parallels in 20th/21st century history are for what the worst case scenario for a US government default would be like? Is there anything you would have done differently if you had known the date for the start of the 2008 recession with a +/- 2 week confidence interval, starting in two days? Or, if you did call it ahead of time, what are you glad you did?