Nornagest comments on On saving the world - Less Wrong
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Comments (166)
For what it's worth, the Founding Fathers actually did do quite a bit of research into what kinds of "loopholes" had existed in earlier systems, particularly the one in England, and took steps to avoid them. For example, the Constitution mandates that a census be taken every ten years because, in England, there were "rotten boroughs" which had a member of Parliament even though they had a tiny population. Needless to say, it wasn't easy to get politicians in these districts to approve redistricting laws.
On the other hand, the Founding Fathers didn't anticipate gerrymandering, though.
In theory, the state governments were supposed to serve as a way to test improvements in parallel. I don't know if it ever worked out that way, though.
There certainly are problems with the U.S. Constitution as it stands (there's no reason for the Electoral College, and the U.S. Senate re-implements rotten boroughs because the largest state has 65 times the population of the smallest one) but it's worked tolerably well for over 200 years now.
To be equally fair, a lot of the more obvious exploits in the American system have been tried at one point or another; one of the clearer examples I can think of offhand is FDR's attempt to pack the US Supreme Court in 1937. Historically most of these have been shot down or rendered more or less toothless by other power centers in the government, although a similar (albeit somewhat unique) situation did contribute to the American Civil War.
There's a lot of bad things I could say about the American system, but the dynamic stability built in seems to have been quite a good plan.
"Avoid concentrating power, and try to pit power centers against each other whenever possible" seems to have been a fairly successful design heuristic for governments.