Vulture comments on On saving the world - Less Wrong
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For what it's worth, the Founding Fathers actually did do quite a bit of research into what kinds of "loopholes" had existed in earlier systems, particularly the one in England, and took steps to avoid them. For example, the Constitution mandates that a census be taken every ten years because, in England, there were "rotten boroughs" which had a member of Parliament even though they had a tiny population. Needless to say, it wasn't easy to get politicians in these districts to approve redistricting laws.
On the other hand, the Founding Fathers didn't anticipate gerrymandering, though.
In theory, the state governments were supposed to serve as a way to test improvements in parallel. I don't know if it ever worked out that way, though.
There certainly are problems with the U.S. Constitution as it stands (there's no reason for the Electoral College, and the U.S. Senate re-implements rotten boroughs because the largest state has 65 times the population of the smallest one) but it's worked tolerably well for over 200 years now.
And while changing the American system would be incredibly difficult, democracies which formed later tended to use better-patched versions of the American system - there's a reason that most western European countries have more than two major parties, for instance.
Parties aren't a built-in feature of the American political system as such -- in fact, many of the people involved in setting it up were vociferous about their opposition to factionalism (and then proceeded more or less directly into some rather nasty factional conflict, because humans). The first-past-the-post decision system used in American federal elections is often cited as leading to a two-party system (Duverger's law), and indeed probably contributes to such a state, but it's not a hard rule; the UK for example uses FPTP voting in many contexts but isn't polarized to the extent of the US, though it's more polarized in turn than most continental systems.