This is an idea I had only toyed with but have yet to try in practice, but one can create meta-cards for non-data learning. Instead of creating cards that demand an answer, create cards that demand a drill, or a drill with a specific success outcome. I find it a bit hard to find "the best example" for this, perhaps because the spectrum of learnable-skills is so broad, but just for the sake of illustration: if you're learning to paint, you can have "draw a still object", "draw a portrait", "practice color", "practice right composition", "practice perspective" &c, cards. After you finish your card-prompted drill, you move to the next card. Or if you're practicing going pro at a game (with existing computer program AIs), you can have "Play AI X in a game situation S and achieve A", "Practice game opening against AI until (able to reach a certain state)", "practice a disadvantaged end-game situation against AI and bring the game to a draw", and so on, cards. Of course reviewing the cards would take longer, but they are only meant to be used as scaffolding to harness the Anki spacing algorithm. The numeric parameters of the algorithm might need an adjustment (which is easy to do in Anki) for that, but I think that qualitatively it should work, at least for specific skills. Of course, this set-up, especially if it needs a major parametric-overhauling[1], is an investment, but every human breakthrough required its avant-gardians.

[1] Which is not granted: perhaps the algorithm is only problematic at the beginning of the "learning", being too frequent, in which case you can just "cheat" carefully and "pass" every other review for a while, which is not a major disturbance. Or, on the contrary, perhaps "well learned cards" (interval > 3 months, or even 1 month, for example) should be discarded for more challenging ones (i.e, "beat the expert AI" replacing "beat beginner AI", or "juggle 5 balls while riding a unicycle on a mid-air rope" replacing "juggle 4 balls"), which is even less of a problem, as you should immediately recognize well-learned skills (i.e. "practice counting up to 20").