I have no problem with alternative derivations of quantum theory - if they are correct! But the framework in this paper is too weak to qualify. Look at their definition of 'category 3a' models. They are sort of suggesting that quantum mechanics is the appropriate prediction calculus or framework for reasoning, for anything matching that description.
But in fact category 3a also includes scenarios which are completely classical. At best, they have defined a class of prediction calculi which includes quantum mechanics as a special case, but then go on to claim that this definition is the whole story about QM.
The paper: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000349161400102X
Authors: Hans De Raedt, Mikhail I. Katsnelson, Kristel Michielsen
Abstract
It is shown that the basic equations of quantum theory can be obtained from a straightforward application of logical inference to experiments for which there is uncertainty about individual events and for which the frequencies of the observed events are robust with respect to small changes in the conditions under which the experiments are carried out.