This illustrates how randomness can be used to improve market liquidity.

While an interesting idea, I believe most people just call this "gambling".

Requiring that the inputs to a piece of software follow some probability distribution is the opposite of being modular.

I don't understand this. It's perfectly fine for a module (an object) to declare what kind of inputs it will accept. Modularity in software basically means "write to the declared interface and treat internals as a black box" and I don't see why requiring a particular set of inputs is a problem.

Overall, though, I agree -- randomness is highly useful in the real world where even if an optimal solution is known to exist it is often the case that you can't spend the resources (notably, time) to figure it out.