He said the investments were to "keep an eye on what's going on with artificial intelligence." I'm not sure how investments help with that, but perhaps DeepMind and Vicarious are willing to give certain information to people who invest in them that they wouldn't give otherwise?
http://www.businessinsider.com/musk-on-artificial-intelligence-2014-6
Summary: The only non-Tesla/SpaceX/SolarCity companies that Musk is invested in are DeepMind and Vicarious, due to vague feelings of wanting AI to not unintentionally go Terminator. The best part of the article is the end, where he acknowledges that Mars isn't a get-out-of-jail-free card any more: "KE: Or escape to mars if there is no other option. MUSK: The A.I. will chase us there pretty quickly." Thinking of SpaceX not as a childhood dream, but as one specific arms supplier in the war against existential risks, puts things into perspective for him.