In all your specific examples, I amnot so much going to The answer, or even a good answer, but the answer someone is capable of comimg up with given their bacground.Your chess programmer might tell me that I have feeling of FW because I can't predict my own actions., and I might reply that I am talking about an ability,not a feeling.
In which case the people to talk to are the physicist and the biologist who will tell you that they aren't sure what ability you are talking about but that there's nothing approximating it that's consistent with how we know how humans empirically work.
Understanding the question is difficult.
Understanding when the question is ill-posed or is due to bad human intuitions is what is difficult here. Some philosophers recognize this. Others? Not so much.
Why shouldn't I talk to the philosopher, who does know what I am talking about?
there's nothing approximating it
Is that a fact?
No. It isn't.
I trained as a physicist before becoming interested in philosophy. I think you can approximate FW using physics. So I am already a cointerexample.
But that's only part of the problem. You think it's OK to have an opinion on questions you don't really understand, and that your imaginary physicist would think it is too. Many real physicists would refuse yourge answer, and the rest would give the kind of bad answer you...
Why Talk to Philosophers? Part I. by philosopher of science Wayne Myrvold.
See also Sean Carroll's own blog entry, Physicists Should Stop Saying Silly Things about Philosophy.
Sean classifies the disparaging comments physicists make about philosophy as follows: "Roughly speaking, physicists tend to have three different kinds of lazy critiques of philosophy: one that is totally dopey, one that is frustratingly annoying, and one that is deeply depressing". Specifically:
He counters each argument presented.
Personally, I am underwhelmed, since he does not address the point of view that philosophy is great at asking interesting questions but lousy at answering them. Typically, an interesting answer to a philosophical question requires first recasting it in a falsifiable form, so that is becomes a natural science question, be it physics, cognitive sciences, AI research or something else. This is locally known as hacking away at the edges. Philosophical questions don't have philosophical answers.