Emotionally though... when you get a positive result in breast cancer screening even when you're not at risk, you don't just shrug and say "probably a false positive" even though it is. Instead, you irrationally do more screenings and possibly get a needless operation.
If you get a positive result, you run another test. If you keep getting positive results, you probably have breast cancer.
Similarly, if an experiment fails to replicate, you try again. If it replicates this time, then it's probably fine. If it keeps failing to replicate, then there's a problem.
At the very least, you need to try to replicate a random sample of studies, just to make sure there aren't more false studies than you've been assuming.
Not an expert on cancer, but I don't think it works that way .I think the cancer test accurately tests a variable wihch is a proxy for cancer risk. So a patient who doesn't have cancer but tests positive will continue testing positive, because the variable that the cancer test measures as a proxy for cancer is elevated in that patient.
Experiments do work that way, but I'm not arguing against that. I'm only arguing that direct replication isn't a better use of resources than just going on to a followup experiment with a different methodology (unless direct replication is really easy and you can just have some students do it or something).
Jason Mitchell is [edit: has been] the John L. Loeb Associate Professor of the Social Sciences at Harvard. He has won the National Academy of Science's Troland Award as well as the Association for Psychological Science's Janet Taylor Spence Award for Transformative Early Career Contribution.
Here, he argues against the principle of replicability of experiments in science. Apparently, it's disrespectful, and presumptively wrong.
This is why we can't have social science. Not because the subject is not amenable to the scientific method -- it obviously is. People are conducting controlled experiments and other people are attempting to replicate the results. So far, so good. Rather, the problem is that at least one celebrated authority in the field hates that, and would prefer much, much more deference to authority.