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rcadey comments on Superintelligence Reading Group - Section 1: Past Developments and Present Capabilities - Less Wrong
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"How much smarter than a human could a thing be?" - almost infinitely if it consumed all of the known universe
"How about the same question, but using no more energy than a human?" -again the same answer - assuming we assume intelligence to be computable, then no energy is required (http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd/176/ibmrd1706G.pdf) if we use reversible computing. Once we have an AI that is smarter than a human then it would soon design something that is smarter but more efficient (energy wise)?
This link appears not to work, and it should be noted that "zero-energy" computing is at this point predominantly a thought experiment. A "zero-energy" computer would have to operate in the adiabatic limit, which is the technical term for "infinitely slowly."
Anders Sandberg has some thoughts on physical limits to computation which might be relevant, but I admit I haven't read them yet: http://www.jetpress.org/volume5/Brains2.pdf