army1987 comments on The Octopus, the Dolphin and Us: a Great Filter tale - Less Wrong
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On Earth multicellularity arose independently several dozen times but AFAIK only animals have anything like a central nervous system.
If animal-complexity CNS is your criteria, then humans + octopuses would be a counterexample, as urbilaterals wouldn't be expected to have such a system, and the octopus intelligence has formed separately.
The last common ancestor of humans and octopuses probably didn't have a very complicated nervous system, but it probably did have a nervous system: most likely a simple lateral cord with ganglia, like some modern wormlike animals. That seems to meet the criteria for shminux's "dedicated organism-wide communication subsystem".