One point at which our views of this situation diverge might be this: It seems to me that
A variant on the thought experiment to illustrate this. Part 1: Instead of everyone only offering you half the pay they'd offer everyone else, none of them will employ you at all -- again, just because of prejudice about your name. (And let's suppose it's the fact that you were ever given that name that bothers them; or that it's your official legal name, and you're in a jurisdiction where you have no way to change it. So you don't have that way out.) Given that the consequence of this is that you are in serious danger of starving to death, I hope you agree that you are being wronged in this case. (Note: I'm still making no claim that anything should be illegal.)
Part 2: Now all your job applications are "successful" -- but every prospective employer, without exception, offers you $1/year for your work. Note that now the consequences are basically the same as in part 1, but in every case what the employers are doing is to offer you a choice that you want to take (because you will starve slightly slower on $1/year than on $0/year). (Assume for the sake of argument that there aren't, e.g., government benefits available only to the unemployed.)
LW readers have unusual views on many subjects. Efficient Market Hypothesis notwithstanding, many of these are probably alien to most people in finance. So it's plausible they might have implications that are not yet fully integrated into current asset prices. And if you rightfully believe something that most people do not believe, you should be able to make money off that.
Here's an example for a different group. Feminists believe that women are paid less than men for no good economic reason. If this is the case, feminists should invest in companies that hire many women, and short those which hire few women, to take advantage of the cheaper labour costs. And I can think of examples for groups like Socialists, Neoreactionaries, etc. - cases where their positive beliefs have strong implications for economic predictions. But I struggle to think of such ones for LessWrong, which is why I am asking you. Can you think of any unusual LW-type beliefs that have strong economic implications (say over the next 1-3 years)?
Wei Dai has previously commented on a similar phenomena, but I'm interested in a wider class of phenomena.