Frankly, I think moderate statistical literacy (being able to reasonably evaluate statistics and charts you see in the news, or know your approximate risk of facing a given common medical or criminal problem) and the ability to correctly apply arithmetic to your budget give overwhelmingly more rationality-for-effort than any other type of math.

Having the math to manage a budget and not be bamboozled by media or advertising radically improves your life.

After that I think having an intuitive sense of the way statistical quantities tend to result from highly confounded factors can really give deeper insights into all sorts of economic and sociological results. Statistical methods of clustering or factor analysis are a concrete way to look at this.