First, rationality is considerably more than just adjusting for biases.

Second, in your quote Kahneman says (emphasis mine): "My intuitive thinking is just as prone...". The point isn't that your System 1 changes much, the point is that your System 2 knows what to look for and compensates as best as it can.

In fact it is; there is no substantial difference when it comes to trying to control biases between highly educated and non-educated people.

Sigh. Citation needed.

The problem is the idea of trying to 'fix' your behavior through self-imposed procedures, trial & error, and self-reporting.

And what it the problem, exactly? I am also not sure what the alternative is. Do you want to just assume your own behaviour is immutable? Magically determined without you being able to do anything about it? Do you think you need someone else to change your behaviour for you? What?