Most of my beliefs* on controversial issues stem from one of the following:
*The "beliefs" referenced don't really meet the LW definition of belief, and in terms of local concepts, are much closer to utility function differences. My coalition agrees with other groups about what the consequences of [action X] will be, but disagrees about the moral value of those consequences. A lot of members of my coalition make arguments to group A that are equivalent to arguing "You should vote this way, because then more paperclips will exist" to humans. For example, my coalition could have blamed [Organization C] for working with [near-universally politically toxic Group D], but instead they complain about how [Organization C] portrays the world as corresponding to my coalition's opponents' beliefs in their advertising materials. This will not persuade anyone who does not already accept their entire argument.
For every controversial subject I've heard of, there are always numerous very smart experts on either side. So I'm curious how it is that rational non-experts come to believe one side or the other.
So, what are your meta-arguments for going with one side or the other for any given controversial subject on which you have an opinion?