The algorithmic computations can be instantiated in many different causal structures but only some will
Any sentence of this form is provably false, due to the universality of computation and multiple realizability.
This is incorrect because the causal structure of a Turing machine simulating a human brain is very different from an actual human brain. Of course, you can redefine causality in terms of "simulation causality" but the underlying causal structure of the respective systems will be very different.
Yes it is - causal structure is just computational structure, there is no difference.
If you accept Wheeler's "it from bit" argument, then anything can be instantiated with information. But at this point, you're veering far from science.
This is incorrect because the causal structure of a Turing machine simulating a human brain is very different from an actual human brain.
There are at least two causal structure levels in a computational system: the physical substrate level and the program level (and potentially more with multiple levels of simulation). A computational system is one that can organize it's energy flow (state transitions in the substrate) in a very particular way so as to realize/implement any computable causal structure at the program/simulation level.
The causal structur...
Recently published article in Nature Methods on a new protocol for preserving mouse brains that allows the neurons to be traced across the entire brain, something that wasn't possible before. This is exciting because in as little as 3 years, the method could be extended to larger mammals (like humans), and pave the way for better neuroscience or even brain uploads. From the abstract:
http://blog.brainpreservation.org/2015/04/27/shawn-mikula-on-brain-preservation-protocols/