What is the LessWrong-like answer to whether someone born a male but who identifies as female is indeed female?

What do you mean by "indeed"? That is, neural categories seems like the right place to start. (And, especially as a professor, that seems like the right thing to talk about when students ask about a political issue--not your position, but the mental algorithms you're executing to determine your position.)

(Very similar to PeerGynt's response, and drawing on the same sequence.)