There is an excellent discussion about it on worldbuilding.stackexchange.com
The main consensus is that the best strategy in the beginning would be to seek refuge in a monastery. This would allow you to learn the dialect and the local customs, and not starve in the first days looking for jobs none of which you are even halfway proficient in, while barely being able to communicate. People with strange accents and strange clothing would not be out of place in a monastery, especially if they claimed they are some pilgrims who became lost (or were just robbed). Such a learning period is very important, because the language was different enough that you would taken to be a stranger, and despite being able to read and write, you would have large difficulties with the calligraphy of that time. Just google for a 13th century manuscript, and see how fluently you can read it, and how easily you could write one. (Hint: bordering on impossible if you don't spend a lot of time learning it)
If you want to change the world or at least introduce some modern technology, you will need the support of powerful people. It would not be easy to just waltz into the throne room of a lord and claim you could lead his country better than him. However, in the monastery you could learn a lot about the society you just landed in while being in relative safety, and with time you could earn the trust of important people, and carefully build up your reputation as a respected scholar.
Don't forget, that in those times the biggest scientific curiosity was among the clergy, and most scientific discoveries of the era were made either by the clergy or sponsored by them
Otherwise you might just end up shoveling dirt on a pig farm, and too concerned about your day-to-day survival to be able to do anything important. If you don't own any land, you are a nobody, unless you can somehow become useful as a scholar. Or save the life of someone important in a battle, but you would need extreme luck for that.
Imagine that you were instantly transported into (roughly) the 13th century. I'm not great at history, but I'm picturing sometime around the crusades. You're sitting there, reading this post on your computer, and BAM! Some guy in chain mail is asking you if thou art the spawn of a demon.
Given this situation, I present to you a challenge:
You are stranded in the past. You have no modern technology except your everyday clothes. The only thing you do have is your knowledge from the future.
What do you do?
I'll make this a little more structured for the sake of clarity.
1) You appear in Great Britain (or the appropriate analogue for your native culture).
2) Assume the language barrier is surmountable - in other words, it may not be easy, but you can communicate effectively (by learning the language, or simply adapting to an older version of your native tongue).
3) Further assume that you manage to gain the ear of a ruling lord (how is not important, just say you're a wizard or something) and that he provides you with enough money, labor, and expertise (carpenters, smiths, etc.) to build something *so long as you can describe it in enough detail*.
4) You are only allowed to pull from general, scientifically literate knowledge - high school/bachelor's level only.
5) You can't use your knowledge of future events to your advantage, as it requires too expert a grasp of history. Only your knowledge of the way the world actually works is available.
The reason for 4) has to do with the point of the question. I'm trying to figure out the kind of maps that we have today that are considered "general knowledge" - the kinds of things that are so obvious to us we tend to not realize that people in the past didn't know them.
I'll go first.
The germ theory of disease didn't achieve widespread acceptance until the 19th century. In other words, I'm the only person in the past who is quite confident about how diseases are spread. This means that I can offer practical advice about sanitation when dealing with injuries and plagues. I can make sure that people wash their hands before cutting other people up, and after dealing with corpses. I can make sure that cutting instruments are sanitized (they did have alcohol) before use. And so on. This should reduce the number of deaths from disease in the kingdom, and prove my worth to the king.
I'm trying to build a list of things like this - maps of the way the world really is that we take for granted.
Have fun!