What of companies that spend millions analysing markets before setting their prices? That seems to involve deep modelling, yet is canonically seen as trade.
They usually don't have any way to leverage their models to increase the cost of not buying their product or service though; so such a situation is still missing at least one criterion.
There is a complication involved since its possible to increase the cost to others of not doing business with you in "fair" ways. E.g. the invention of the fax machine reduced effective demand for message boys to run between office buildings, hence increasing their cost and the operating costs of anyone who refused to buy a fax machine.
Though I don't believe any c...
The premises of Pascal's wager are normally presented as abstract facts about the universe - there happens to (maybe) be a god, who happens to have set up the afterlife for the suffering of unbelievers.
But, assuming we ever manage to distinguish trade from extortion, this seems a situation of classical extortion. So if god follows a timeless decision theory - and what other kind of decision theory would it follow? - the correct answer would seem to be to reject the whole deal out of hand, even if you assume god exists.
Or, in other words, respond to a god that offers you heaven, but ignore one that threatens you with hell.