The difference is that, in English, "cyan", like your other listed examples except the ones that I think are actually green or purple, is a kind of blue

"Cyan" is one of the least "blue" on the list and I almost omitted it. These days I'd even tend to consider some of those others "shades of cyan". Too much study of web design tends to corrupt perception the same way native language does.

I think color words in languages are really interesting.

Certainly. Words for other common concepts operate the same way, framing the way we think and influencing the way we slice up reality. But with colors the differences are far easier to study. What cannot be seen with a glance we can quantify with a digital camera.