I think that there may be a failure-to-communicate going on because I play Rationalist's Taboo with words like 'should' and 'right' when I'm not talking about something technical. In my mind, these words assert the existence of an objective morality, so I wouldn't feel comfortable using them unless everyone's utility functions converged to the same morality -- this seems really really unlikely so far.
So, instead I talk about world-states that my utility function assigns utility to. What I think that Eliezer's trying to get at in No License To Be Human is that you shouldn't (for the sake of not creating rendering your stated utility function inconsistent with your emotions) be a moral relativist, and that you should pursue your utility function instead of wireheading your brain to make it feel like you're creating utility.
I think that I've interpreted this correctly, but I'd appreciate Eliezer telling me whether I have or not.
In You Provably Can't Trust Yourself, Eliezer tried to figured out why his audience didn't understand his meta-ethics sequence even after they had followed him through philosophy of language and quantum physics. Meta-ethics is my specialty, and I can't figure out what Eliezer's meta-ethical position is. And at least at this point, professionals like Robin Hanson and Toby Ord couldn't figure it out, either.
Part of the problem is that because Eliezer has gotten little value from professional philosophy, he writes about morality in a highly idiosyncratic way, using terms that would require reading hundreds of posts to understand. I might understand Eliezer's meta-ethics better if he would just cough up his positions on standard meta-ethical debates like cognitivism, motivation, the sources of normativity, moral epistemology, and so on. Nick Beckstead recently told me he thinks Eliezer's meta-ethical views are similar to those of Michael Smith, but I'm not seeing it.
If you think you can help me (and others) understand Eliezer's meta-ethical theory, please leave a comment!
Update: This comment by Richard Chappell made sense of Eliezer's meta-ethics for me.