It is useful to have a black list of problem indicators, if you can train yourself so these indicators jump out at you. But also approach this problem from the other side, building a white list of good cognitive states. When should you not scream "Error!"?
I treat not screaming "Error!" as the default state, and I think that you should at least pay attention to problem indicators even if you otherwise feel like you're grokking well, as doing so might help to prevent you from going down the wrong mental path.
Do you have examples of white list states, where you should be more prone to screaming "Error!" if you don't have many/any of them?
In Anna’s recent post, she talked about training your mind to notice when it wasn’t curious about something and scream “Error! Look for a different way to do this” in such cases. Johnicholas and TheOtherDave's list of what stupidity feels like also looks useful for this purpose. I'm creating this post to make a more comprehensive list of feelings which indicate that people should reanalyze different possible paths to make sure that the one which they're taking is the most effective one to their objective.
Please suggest additions to the list in your comments -- I'll move them up here (along with links to further explanation, if given.) Keep in mind that your description of the feeling should be as illustrative as possible. For example, "feeling stupid" is unhelpful, while "you feel like you've taken a wrong turn into a never-ending tunnel" is better. Of course, metaphors which are immediately understood by some people may not be so easily understood by others, so try to give a more detailed description of the feeling if other people express that you're probably saying more than they're hearing.
List: "Error! Look for a different way to do this" if you feel like: