Kant was wrong about almost everything else.
Kant was not even wrong about this and everything else. He did nothing but to crystalize his own confusion and pass it on to later generations. He failed to notice, for example, that it is not necessary that space have three dimensions, that those dimensions be unbounded, nor that the geometry be Euclidean. And in asking whether the concept is prior to experience, he failed to notice that the question is ambiguous until you specify whose experience you are talking about. Am I criticizing Kant for not knowing about evolution? Not exactly. I am criticizing him for trying to answer questions he was completely unequipped to answer. Questions which he knew he was unequipped to answer. But he just couldn't resist trying.
Like almost all philosophy, from the time of the Greeks until today, Kant's thinking was counterproductive - it did more harm than good. And the reason for the failure is easy enough to see for anyone who looks closely. Philosophers try to accomplish tasks that they and their tools are completely inadequate to accomplish. They are like blind artists who seek to execute ice sculpture armed with sledgehammers.
If philosophers limited themselves to generating and clarifying questions, they might do some good. If they also venture into listing some conceivable answers to those questions, they perhaps do little harm. But they are never content with that. They attempt to answer their own questions. Using a methodology which is completely incapable of answering questions. Even worse, sometimes they succeed in convincing each other that they have succeeded. And when they do, they congratulate each other and strike a question from their lists. And at that point they do real harm.
You (and really, the whole of Lesswrong) should Popper's paper "The Nature of Philosophical Problems and Their Roots in Science". Here's a pdf.
The section about Kant (towards the end) does an excellent job of explaining how he arrived at his (far too strong) system. In essence, Kant was faced with a paradox: On the one hand, Hume had proven that it's impossible for us to attain certain knowledge about the natural world, and its spatiotemporal and causal structure. But on the other, Newton had apparently done just that! So Kant tries to resolve th...
I've often wished for a list of cases where philosophy has proven useful, or has at least anticipated science in drawing correct conclusions. Here's one for the list:
The June 18 2010 Science has two very similar articles on how rat brains represent space. Both conclude that the brain already represents space as a grid before rat pups take their first steps into the world. Both make the point that this validates Kant's claim that space is an innate concept prior to experience.
(The next task is to make a corresponding list of cases where philosophers made incorrect conclusions; and estimate whether the number of correct conclusions is greater than chance.)