In a group context signaling could explain it: when you correct somebody you draw attention to a mistake and this could lead to (perceived) loss of status. I don't think this is the real cause because people seem equally annoyed when corrected in a private conversation where there is nobody to signal towards.

People can't be absolutely certain you won't try correcting them again later in a group context, right? So it's better for them to get offended in hopes of discouraging you from doing that.