My advice is get the book Starting Strength by Mark Rippetoe. He:
I was skeptical of the proposed program because I had already been lifting for a couple years, and I found a lot of the suggestions unintuitive. However, after two independent sources told me it was a good program, I started doing it. After 8 weeks I was able to bench press 77.5kg, whereas before I had been stuck for a long time around 70kg. All of the lifts also felt more comfortable / safer than they had before (due to changing my form to match the guidelines in the book).
There is also a Starting Strength Wiki that has lots of good videos / summaries of the information in the book (but the book is way more details / useful, at least for having proper lifting form).
I'm looking for resources on effective weight training for the purpose of physique building. It's an area with a particularly poor signal to noise ratio so I would value pointers from other rationalists. The kinds of questions I would like to answer are:
Edit: I'm vegetarian, and I now realise this is rather important to answers to point three. So far the only supplement I've been taking is soy protein.