It was gratuitous. This is unlike other situations with worse consequences like death, such as when an explosive goes off-course or a target is misidentified.
The examples I had in mind were also gratuitous. This is an example of what I was referring to.
Or to use an example from the Iraq war, consider that at the time standard operating procedure from the insurgents was to behead captives on camera.
Noah Millman wrote:
Link (which includes additional good retrospectives) thanks to Ampersand.
This article may have more political content than is suitable for LW-- if you'd rather discuss it elsewhere, I've linked it at my blog. I've posted about it here because it's an excellent example of updating and of recognizing motivated cognition even if well after the fact.