There are a couple Charles Sheffield books (the story collection "The Compleat McAndrew" is one; I forget which other(s)) where an appendix essay distinguishes the well-supported science from the scientific community's speculation and from the author's own speculation.

I wouldn't put them in the same category as HPMoR, though - they're clearly written to be exciting stories that happen to teach a little interesting science rather than exciting science that happens to be in the form of an interesting story.