I know you're looking for lesswrong posts but I would also consider this video. Keith Stanovich introduced me to a lot of concepts in rationality and I would highly recommend any material from him.
Very interesting, though I'm irked by his use of "cognitive" to refer to IQ and rationality, but to exclude e.g. social skills. As if social skills were located in our livers.
Hi, next month I'm going to be doing an hour long presentation on rationality to Mensa members. It needs to be rather introductory, since High QI != Rationality and most of them are not familiar with the concepts discussed here.
I'm planning to talk about what rationality is (any good quotes?), what is the difference between the brain and the conscience, why being rational does not mean having a perfect willpower, some common and easily avoided fallacies (sunk cost, scope insensitivity).
I did a search on the site for this kind of introductory posts and have quite a large pool of interesting arguments to touch. Does anyone have any suggestion on which topics should be included, any pointers to interesting posts that should be summarized or used as source material, etc.?