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OrphanWilde comments on Framing a problem in a foreign language seems to reduce decision biases - Less Wrong Discussion
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I'm not sure, it seems obvious to me - words have connotations for those familiar with them that go beyond their literal meanings, and I tend to go with the hypothesis that language defines our thought process. (I'd call it cognitive linguistics, because that's the sensible thing to call it, but I think that somebody else already defined that phrase to refer to something less sensible.)
But I have one caveat. Less biased doesn't necessarily mean either better or more rational. Our decision making processes aren't optimized, nor should they be, for laboratory environments.
I believe linguistic relativity and Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis are the usual names for this idea. I also believe it's been mostly discredited in linguistic circles, but it's been a while since I talked about it with a linguist, so you should do your own research.
Thank you! I tend to remember ideas better than their names. (And linguistic relativity is a horrible name for that idea, IMHO.)
A quick glance around the internet suggests that Sapir and Whorf's versions of the theory - that language affects thought, but doesn't strictly determine it - enjoys moderate empirical support and continuing professional support. The stronger variants, broadly linguistic determinism, seem to be largely discredited.