I meant to say, a close match to what the person said.
This still doesn't clear up my confusion. I'll clarify.
In case (a), 1307 is as close to 1337 as are the example numbers 7337, 1937, and 1330 (among others). The only way 1307 could be closer to 1337 is if it were exactly 1337.
In case (b), 1307 is as close to 1337 as are the example numbers 4337, 1037, and 1334 (among others). The found number could be closer to 1337 if it were instead 1347 or 1327 (among others).
In case (c), 1307 is as close to 1337 as is 1367. The found number could be closer to 1337 if it were 1338, or 1336 (among others).
assume that there are absolutely no differences between left-handed and right-handed people
This can't be. If nothing else, the one group uses their left hand and the other uses their right. You need an "except" or "other than" clause.
We count 10 right-handers (assuming that we managed to find at least 10 right-handers).
Did it just happen to turn out that we found ten, so we can proceed, and if we didn't find ten we'd skip this problem - or does this problem solely use classes that have ten and throw out other classes?
Is the average number of left-handers still 10%?
In the entire class? Because that's not clear.
randomly picked a left-handed person
Went around shaking hands until locating a left-handed person, or grabbed the first person you saw and they were left-handed?
Does this affect the average left-handers out of the remaining 23 people?
This is a weird and misleading way to put it if we're still assuming the people in the class are independent of each other. Yes, even with the word "average"; I'm talking about writing, not math.
Also we assume that A and B are totally uncorrelated
What, really? These are both heavily correlated with a third thing but not at all with each other? Are there real phenomena that act like that? It is unlikely to have good grades and a low score on either one, but they're not correlated?
profit ... winning
I'm just nitpicking here, but this made me wonder if a won $35 would be taxed where the $10 wouldn't.
as much money as possible
This is bad wording if this is supposed to be an expected value question. The most money possible is just $35; you don't even have to work out the expected value. If you take the ten dollars you are not getting as much as you could possibly have gotten.
In case (b), 1307 is as close to 1337 as are the example numbers 4337, 1037, and 1334 (among others). The found number could be closer to 1337 if it were instead 1347 or 1327 (among others).
This is the case I meant to (at least one that would be very close to what someone would use in real life). The point is to choose your own criteria for the example situation to determine whether that person is a real magician.
...This can't be. If nothing else, the one group uses their left hand and the other uses their right. You need an "except" or "o
If it's worth saying, but not worth its own post, even in Discussion, it goes here.