The common theme is that increasing available resources invites hungry entities to come out of the woodwork and eat the surplus, so you don't get the benefit you bargained for. Is there an accepted name for this phenomenon? Is it studied?
This seems to fall under "rent dissipation". Here's a representative paper. ETA: Another one.
"Rent dissipation is defined as the total expenditure of resources by all agents attempting to capture a rent or prize." It's an interesting concept, but seems to be slightly different from what I meant. In the situations above, wolves eat your surplus without spending much resources.
If it's worth saying, but not worth its own post, even in Discussion, it goes here.