LW isn't the only group of people who talk about being "rational" and avoiding biases. It would be a little arrogant to think that LW was being specifically targeted.
(And anyway, I would hope that LW-style rationalism would understand the reason why chess's rules are like that. The "rationality" displayed in the comic is a straw-vulcan.)
This type of Hollywood Rationality is explicitly listed in TV Tropes under "Straw Vulcan" (failure to understand that goal achievement may require locally backward steps). I haven't encountered anyone who explicitly associates that with LW in particular, and anyone who's taken an introductory AI course should know better than to think a backward step is beyond computation, logic, Bayesian agents, etc.
I think we could apply the lessons, anyway, but Munroe might have our community in mind specifically. The alt-text refers to emotional biases. I'm just curious if others got the same impression.
http://xkcd.com/1112/