Perhaps it could be useful to look at all reasonable value systems, try to extract the good parts, and put them all together.
Moving from values to applied rationality, it could also be useful to create a collection of biases by asking the rational supporters of given value systems: "which bias or lack of understanding do you find most frustrating when dealing with otherwise rational people from the opposite camp". Filter the rational answers, and make a social rationality textbook.
For example a capitalism proponent may be frustrated by people not understanding the relation between "what is seen and what is not seen". A socialism proponent may be frustrated by people not understanding that "the market can stay irrational longer than you can stay solvent". -- Perhaps not the best examples, but I hope you get the idea.
I'm frustrated by naive capitalists' failure to understand externalities.
On the other side, I'm frustrated by people failing to understand that technological progress creates new jobs in the process of destroying old ones, and that this is a net good, even though the people losing their jobs are the most visible. I suppose that's closely related to your "seen vs unseen" idea. Related: Jevon's paradox.
Today's post, Traditional Capitalist Values was originally published on 17 October 2008. A summary (taken from the LW wiki):
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