I don't think this is actually the case.
Volume or weight don't need to be affected necessarily, it's all in the connectome. However, in the case of hippocampal atrophy there is a significant correlation between size and function, without a trade-off with other important areas. On the contrary, looking at e.g. Korsakoff's syndrome MRI scans, atrophy in one area usually predicts atrophy in other Brodmann areas.
Why would other such areas be affected negatively? Did you refer to neuroplasticity, e.g. when areas get reappropriated, as supposedly with Savants, or deaf people? That's a different - and niche - phenomenon.
OP mentioned nothing about the connectome; to quote:
However, in the language group, certain parts of the brain had grown, including the hippocampus, responsible for learning new information, and three areas in the cerebral cortex.
Further:
However, in the case of hippocampal atrophy there is a significant correlation between size and function, without a trade-off with other important areas. On the contrary, looking at e.g. Korsakoff's syndrome MRI scans, atrophy in one area usually predicts atrophy in other Brodmann areas.
Are you trying to argue about healthy people from diseased people?
http://www.lunduniversity.lu.se/o.o.i.s?news_item=5928&id=24890
According to Johan Mårtensson from Lund University, if you are learning new language quickly, it helps your brain to become bigger and increase its activity:
And there is more: