As to Spinoza, you make a good point, though using Spinoza's (or Plato's) refined sense of what 'knowledge' is as opposed to the everyday claims we would today call 'knowledge' (e.g. I know that the sky over Chicago is clear today) seems to me to go against the spirit of your initial complaint: neither Plato nor Spinoza thinks you can 'know everything about the universe a priori' in our sense of 'know'. If they do believe that, then it is because they have a much stricter understanding of what knowledge is. It's not as if they think they can deduce the existence of my pen from a priori axioms.
Point taken, but I would point out that both Plato and Spinoza think that our everyday claims about knowledge don't map onto reality, so they can't talk about what we 'know' in the everyday sense of 'know.' They don't think that is a valid way to talk about knowledge at all.
Straight from Wikipedia.
I just had to stare at this a while. We can have papers published about this, we really ought to be able to get papers published about Friendly AI subproblems.
My favorite part is at the very end.
Trivialism is the theory that every proposition is true. A consequence of trivialism is that all statements, including all contradictions of the form "p and not p" (that something both 'is' and 'isn't' at the same time), are true.[1]
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]Further reading