Good point, and this appears to be a general issue with human space settlement.
Suppose that the technology to do it cost-effectively arrives before AI e.g. cheap spaceflight arrives this century, and AI doesn't. Then even if an unfriendly AI shows up centuries later, it can catch-up with and overwhelm the human settlements, no matter how far from Earth they've reached. (The AI can survive higher accelerations, reach higher speeds, reproduce more quickly before launching new settlement missions etc.)
Worse, increasing the number of human settlements most likely increases the chance that someone, somewhere builds an unfriendly AI. So, somewhat surprisingly, space settlement could increase existential risk rather than reduce it.
Worse, increasing the number of human settlements most likely increases the chance that someone, somewhere builds an unfriendly AI.
I don't see this logic. The chance of AI being made is based on how many people are working on it, not how many locations there are where people can work on AI.
Article on space.com