How do you deal with the induced increase in censorship-trolling noise?

I'm not sure what you mean by this.

With political differences among moderators? With increased moderator fatigue?

I'm hoping that this is a relatively rare occurrence. I'm also hoping that the moderators have handled political differences before, and I don't see this as more likely to cause political conflict than other moderator actions. That's part of why I proposed undoing all recent downvotes, not a selected set. Undoing only some seems like too much work, and also too much discretion.

I'd love to see data on downvote patterns; if the problem is far more common than I think it is, I'd be inclined to agree with you.

No, the correct solution space is the realm of automated applied psychology.

Maybe, but I don't find that to be obvious. I worry that any system with a threshold (too many downvotes triggers an automated response, or something similar) is likely to produce weird distorted incentives. Charging karma for downvotes doesn't have this problem, but I'm not sure whether I like it or not for other reasons (likely to discourage retribution less than it discourages normal downvoting, see Kindly's comment).

I'd rather look at individual proposals from both solution spaces before concluding that one is the correct space.