I thought the opposite: the writers of the original Star Trek seemed to think nothing of including teleportation, nor does it cause alarm in D&D/Planescape or Harry Potter.

I think the naive reaction to onscreen teleportation is that it is 'instantaneous movement' bypassing intervening distance, a la wormholes, not the destruction of an original and construction of a new version at a different location. If the Star Trek teleporter worked onscreen by slowly burning the original to ashes, and then growing a new copy at the destination in a vat, people would have very different reactions.