You can't get human-level intelligence out of a hand-coded program operating on a passive database of information using only fixed, hand-written algorithms.

You can't? The entire genre of security exploits building a Turing-complete language out of library fragments (libc is a popular target) suggests that a hand-coded program certainly could be exploited, inasmuch as pretty much all programs like libc are hand-coded these days.

I've found Turing-completeness (and hence the possibility of an AI) can lurk in the strangest places.