DanielLC comments on Open Thread, October 20 - 26, 2013 - Less Wrong Discussion
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It's not going through them one at a time.
It's not a simple English description, but narrowing down the possibilities by a factor of two is always one bit of information. It doesn't matter whether it's "the first bit is one", "the xor of all the bits is one" or even "it's a hash of something starting with a one using X algorithm, which is a bijection".
It's the one with a higher inclusive genetic fitness. That's what evolution optimizes for.
If evolution has n bits of optimization power, that's equivalent to saying that if you order all possible lifeforms based on how optimal they are, this is going to be in the top 1/2^n of them. (It's actually somewhat more complicated, since it's more likely to be higher up and there's some chance of it being lower, but that's the basic idea.)
It does vary based on what lifeform you're looking at, since they all have different mutation rates and different numbers of children, but there's always a limit to the information, and I'm pretty sure that it's pretty much always a limit that's already been hit.
By my calculations, if you had the entire earth's surface covered by a solid meter-thick layer of bacteria for 4.6 billion years and each bacterium lived for 1 hour, that would be approximately 2^155 bacteria having lived and died.
You can massively increase genetic information (inasmuch as that actually means much in biology) very quickly with very simple genetic changes. It's not a case of searching through every possible 1 bit change.
Provided, of course, that your space of possibilities is finite and you know what it is. In the case of evolution you don't.
I don't understand what does "all possible lifeforms" mean. Does not compute.
Which limit? The limit of information in the mammalian genome? Or the limit of evolution -- whatever exists is the pinnacle an no better (given the same environment) can be achieved?